Posted on November 1, 2024
Dental handpieces are a vital tool for any dentist and are used on a regular basis across a variety of procedures, from removing decay, to polishing fillings, cown/bridge preparations, and more.
With a lot of options available, we’ll breakdown the types of dental handpieces, what they’re used for, and their key features, to help you make an informed purchasing decision. You can then browse our range of dental handpieces available for immediate dispatch.
Dental handpieces can be classified into two main categories: high-speed handpieces and low-speed handpieces. Each type serves distinct purposes and is designed for specific dental procedures.
High-speed handpieces, also known as turbine handpieces, are designed for tasks that require precision and speed. These handpieces can rotate at speeds of up to 450,000 RPM (revolutions per minute) and are primarily used for cutting through tooth enamel, removing decay, and shaping teeth for restorative procedures.
– Speed: As their name suggests, high-speed handpieces operate at incredibly fast speeds, allowing for efficient cutting and drilling.
– Cooling System: To prevent heat buildup and protect the tooth and surrounding tissues, high-speed handpieces are equipped with a water spray cooling system.
– Bur Attachment: High-speed handpieces typically use friction-grip burs, which are held in place by a chuck system. This ensures a secure attachment during high-speed operations.
Low-speed handpieces, also known as contra-angle or straight handpieces, are used for tasks that require more control and less speed. These handpieces operate at speeds ranging from 5,000 to 40,000 RPM and are commonly used for polishing, finishing, and caries removal.
Unlike high-speed handpieces, they don’t need a water cooling system, though some attachments may include one. They can also be interchanged with either a contra-angle or straight handpiece, typically used for intraoral and extraoral procedures respectively.
– Versatility: Low-speed handpieces are more versatile than high-speed ones and can accommodate a variety of attachments, including polishing cups, brushes, and contra-angle attachments.
– Torque: While they operate at lower speeds, low-speed handpieces provide higher torque, making them ideal for procedures that require more force, such as removing soft decay or adjusting prosthetic appliances.
– Forward and Reverse Functions: Low-speed handpieces often feature both forward and reverse settings, which are useful for specific tasks, such as removing temporary crowns.
A newer addition to dental handpiece technology, electrically driven handpieces offer several advantages over traditional air-driven handpieces. These handpieces are powered by an electric motor, providing consistent speed and torque and often reduced aerosols, reducing the risk of cross contamination.
“The production of aerosols and splatter in dentistry is a major health concern as aerosols generated during dental procedures are contaminated with micro‐organisms, which can lead to spread of infection among dental professionals and their patients. The oral cavity harbours over 700 species of bacteria and other infectious microbes, which can be transmitted through aerosol‐generating procedures (AGPs) and cause respiratory health effects or transmit bidirectional diseases.”
They often achieve a higher RPM than air-driven handpieces and provide better user control when used alongside a Micro Motor / Electrical Motor with adjustable outputs.
Image: Marathon Electric Micromotor
– Precision: Electric handpieces offer better control over speed and torque, making them ideal for delicate procedures.
– Noise Reduction: These handpieces are generally quieter than air-driven handpieces, enhancing patient comfort.
– Versatility: Electric handpieces can be used for both high-speed and low-speed procedures, depending on the attachments used.
Electric Driven Handpieces are available as Speed Increasing and Speed Reducing Ratios
Proper maintenance of dental handpieces is essential for ensuring their longevity and performance. Here are some key maintenance tips:
Regular cleaning and lubrication are vital for keeping dental handpieces in good working condition. After each use, handpieces should be thoroughly cleaned to remove debris and then lubricated according to the manufacturer’s instructions. This may include removing biofilm and residue from the handpieces before sterilisation such as using an Instrument Cleaning Solution.
Dental handpieces should be sterilised after each use to prevent cross-contamination. Autoclaving is the most common method of sterilisation, but it’s essential to follow the manufacturer’s guidelines to avoid damaging the handpiece.
Dental handpieces are indispensable tools in dentistry, each type serving specific functions in various procedures. Understanding the types of dental handpieces and dental drill types is crucial for ensuring optimal performance and patient care. By maintaining these tools properly, dental professionals can extend their lifespan, enhance patient comfort, and achieve better clinical outcomes.
